Ukukhiqizwa Kwezinkukhu: Izinkinga Nemihlahlandlela Yokuthuthukisa

Ukufuywa kwezinkukhu sekungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokukhiqiza amaprotheni eqophelo eliphezulu emindenini nasemiphakathini. Uma sikhuluma ngenkukhu sisho izinyoni ezifana nezinkukhu, amadada, amaturkey, amagwinya, izigwaca ngisho nezintshe. Lezi zinyoni zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi inyama namaqanda azo.

Yini eyenza ukufuywa kwezinkukhu kukhange? Izinyoni zincane, okusho ukuthi awudingi indawo enkulu ukuze uqalise. Izindleko zokuzikhulisa ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nemfuyo emikhulu. Bakhiqiza amaprotheni amahle kakhulu asiza ukuthuthukisa umsoco emakhaya nasemiphakathini. Izinyoni ziyakwazi futhi ukuguqula ukudla kube inyama namaqanda. Enye inzuzo ukuthi ukufuywa kwezinkukhu akubhekani nemingcele efanayo yamasiko noma yenkolo lezo ezinye izinhlobo zemfuyo ezingase zihlangabezane nazo ezifundeni ezahlukene.

Kodwa ukufuya izinkukhu kunezinselele. Izithako zokudla zingabiza ngoba zincintisana nemithombo yokudla yabantu. Izidingo zezindlu zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Izifo nezimuncagazi zingaqeda imihlambi uma unganakile. Abalimi abaningi banenkinga yokuqonda izidingo eziqondile zokudla kwezinyoni zabo. Lezi zinkinga zingashintsha lokho okufanele kube ibhizinisi elinenzuzo libe elilahlekile.

Lo mhlahlandlela ubheka izinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nabafuyi bezinkukhu futhi unikeza izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usaqala noma ufuna ukuthola imiphumela engcono emsebenzini wakho osuvele ukhona, le mininingwane ingakusiza ukhulise izinyoni ezinempilo futhi uqhube ipulazi eliyimpumelelo. Okubalulekile wukuqonda lokho izinyoni ezikudingayo nokwenza izinhlelo eziletha lezo zidingo ngokungaguquki.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkukhu ezitholakalayo, futhi eziningi zingakhuliswa ngokuthengisa uma ufanisa uhlobo nezinjongo zakho ezithile kanye nezimo zendawo.

1. Izinkinga noma Izithiyo Zokukhiqiza Izinkukhu

Ukuqhuba ipulazi lenkukhu eliyimpumelelo kusho ukubhekana nezinselele eziningana eziqhubekayo. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga ezemali, kanti ezinye zingezezobuchwepheshe noma ezemvelo. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta abafuyi bezinkukhu:

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i. Izindleko zokuphakela ziphezulu: Ngenxa yokuthi izithako zokudla zincintisana nezidingo zokudla kwabantu, amanani ahlala ephakeme. Lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile amamajini enzuzo yakho.

ii. Izinselelo zezindlu: Ukwakha izindlu ezifanele zezinkukhu kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali nolwazi. Izindlu ezimbi ziholela ezinyonini ezicindezelekile kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphansi.

iii. Izinkinga zezifo kanye nama-parasite: Amagciwane angasakazeka ngokushesha ngomhlambi. Ngaphandle kokuvimbela nokwelashwa okufanele, ungalahlekelwa izinyoni ngokushesha.

iv. Ulwazi olulinganiselwe lokwakheka kokuphakelayo: Abalimi abaningi abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi yiziphi izakhamzimba ezisezithakweni zokudla abangazithola endaweni.

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v. Izidingo zokudla okunomsoco ezingacacile: Izidingo eziqondile zomsoco zezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula kwezinyoni azihlali zaziwa kahle noma zibhalwe phansi ngezimo zendawo.

vi. Ukushoda kwezinhlobo ezifanele: Ukuthola izinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda noma izinkukhu ze-broiler ezivumelana kahle nesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zendawo kungaba nzima.

Funda Futhi: Incazelo, I-Taxonomy, Izinzuzo, kanye Nemibi Yezinkukhu

2. Imihlahlandlela Yokuthuthukisa Ukukhiqizwa Kwezinkukhu

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinselele zinezixazululo ezisebenzayo. Ngokugxila ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yakho. Nakhu okusebenzayo:

i. Nikeza ukudla okulinganiselayo: Izinyoni zakho zidinga ingxube efanele yamaprotheni, amakhabhohayidrethi, amavithamini, namaminerali. Ukudla okulinganiselayo kusekela ukukhula, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, kanye nempilo yonke.

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ii. Landela izinqubo zokuphatha ezinhle: Lokhu kusho ukugcina izindlu ezihlanzekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungena umoya ngendlela efanele, ukulawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama, nokugcina amarekhodi anembile okusebenza komhlambi wakho.

iii. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokugoma: Sebenza nodokotela wezilwane ukuze wenze uhlelo lokugoma. Ukuvimbela kushibhile futhi kusebenza kangcono kunokwelapha izinyoni ezigulayo.

iv. Sebenzisa ukulawula izifo ngempumelelo: Ngaphandle kokugoma, sebenzisa i-biosecurity. Khawulela isivakashi ukufinyelela ezinyonini zakho, bulala amagciwane njalo, futhi uhlukanise izinyoni ezigulayo ngokushesha.

v. Vuselela isitoko sakho njalo: Ungagcini izinyoni ezifanayo isikhathi eside. Letha isitoko esisha ukuze ugcine ukuhlukahluka kofuzo namazinga okukhiqiza.

vi. Khetha izinhlobo ezikhiqizayo: Izinhlobo ezivela kwamanye amazwe zivame ukusebenza kangcono kunezinhlobo zasendaweni. Zizalelwe ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda noma amazinga okukhula ngokushesha.

A. Izindaba Zokuklanywa Kwezindlu

Ezimweni ezishisayo, umklamo wakho wendlu yezinkukhu kufanele ubhekane nokushisa nomswakama. Umgomo uwukugcina izinyoni zikhululekile unyaka wonke. Lokhu kusho ukwahlukanisa ophahleni okufanele, izimiso ezanele zokungenisa umoya, nokuma okunciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni okuqondile phakathi nezingxenye ezishisa kakhulu zosuku.

Indlu yakho kufanele futhi iqine futhi ingabizi. Sebenzisa izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu zendawo ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa njalo. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kuvimbela izilwane ezizingelayo ukuthi zingangeni futhi kugcina izinyoni zakho ziphephile.

B. Ukuphatha Okuphakelayo Kubalulekile

Izindleko zokuphakelayo ngokuvamile zimelela u-60-70% wezindleko zakho zokukhiqiza. Ukuthuthukiswa okuncane ekusebenzeni kahle kokuphakelayo kwenza umehluko omkhulu kumugqa wakho ophansi. Ungagcwalisi imikhumbi yokudla ngoba izinyoni zizochitheka zimoshe ukudla. Lungisa izifunzo zamashubhu ukuze zingavulwa kakhulu.

Idizayini yempahla yakho yokudla ibalulekile. Imikhumbi eklanywe kahle inganciphisa ukuchitheka okungafika ku-20%. Lokho okuphakelayo okulondoloziwe kuya ngqo enzuzweni yakho. Okubonakala sengathi imfucuza encane usuku ngalunye ihlanganisa ngokushesha phakathi namasonto nezinyanga. Ukuphathwa kabi kwesiphakeli kungenza ipulazi elinenzuzo libe ngelilahlekelwa yimali.

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C. Gcina Izimo Zemvelo Ezikahle

Izinyoni zisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho indawo yazo ihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa, umswakama, umoya omncane, nokukhanya. Lezi zici zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zisekele impilo kanye nokukhiqiza. Uma isici esisodwa sivaliwe, izinyoni zakho zizobonisa ngokukhula okuncishisiwe, amaqanda ambalwa, noma ukugula okukhulayo.

Gada lezi zimo nsuku zonke. Yenza izinguquko njengoba kudingeka ngokusekelwe enkathini yonyaka kanye neminyaka yezinyoni zakho. Amatshwele amancane adinga izinga lokushisa elifudumele kunezingqimba ezivuthiwe. Ukuqonda lo mehluko nokusebenza ngawo kwehlukanisa abalimi abaphumelelayo kwabadonsa kanzima.

Ukufuya izinkukhu kunikeza abalimi amathuba angempela kuzo zonke izimo zezulu ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Lezi zinyoni zijwayela kahle izindawo ezahlukahlukene nezindlela zokuphatha. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kusho ukuthi ungaqala kancane futhi ukhule njengoba ufunda futhi uzuza izinsiza.

Ukukhetha kwakho uhlelo lokukhiqiza kuncike emalini oyitholayo, amakhono akho, kanye nalokho okudingwa yimakethe yakho. Ayikho impendulo eyodwa efanele. Abanye abalimi bayaphumelela ngezinhlelo eziqinile besebenzisa izinhlobo eziphuma kwamanye amazwe kanye nezindawo ezilawulwayo. Abanye benza kahle ngezinhlelo ze-semi-intensive noma ezikhululekile zisebenzisa izinyoni eziguqulelwe endaweni.

Okubalulekile ukufanisa indlela oziphatha ngayo nezimo zakho kuyilapho ulandela izimiso ezibalulekile. Gcina izinyoni zikhiqiza kukho konke ukuphila kwazo ngokunikeza izinga lokushisa elilungile, umswakama, umoya omncane, nokukhanya. Yakha izindlu ezibukeka kahle, ezihlala isikhathi eside, futhi ezongayo. Phatha okuphakelayo ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukumosha. Landela imigomo yezempilo efakazelwe.

Lezi zisekelo zisebenza noma ngabe ukhulisa izinyoni ezingu-50 noma ezingu-5,000. Gxila ekuwenzeni kahle ngaphambi kokwandisa noma ukuzama amasu ayinkimbinkimbi.

Isifinyezo Semihlahlandlela Yokukhiqiza Izinkukhu

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokukhiqizwa Kwezinkukhu

1. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinyoni ezibhekwa njengezinkukhu?

Izinkukhu zihlanganisa noma yiziphi izinyoni ezifuywayo ezikhuliselwe ukudla. Okuvame kakhulu izinkukhu, amadada, ama-turkeys, ne-guinea fowl. Ezinye izinyoni ezifuywa yinkukhu zihlanganisa izigwaca, amaphiasant, izintshe, amajuba namajuba.

2. Kungani izindleko zokudla ziphezulu kangaka ekukhiqizeni izinkukhu?

Izithako zokudla ezifana nommbila, ubhontshisi wesoya, nokusanhlamvu zincintisana nezidingo zokudla kwabantu. Lo mncintiswano ukhuphula amanani. Njengoba okuphakelayo kumelela u-60-70% wesamba sezindleko zokukhiqiza, lezi zintengo eziphezulu zinomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni inzuzo.

3. Nginganciphisa kanjani udoti wesiphakeli lapho ngikhiqiza izinkukhu?

Sebenzisa imisele yokuphakela eklanywe kahle enciphisa ukuchitheka. Ungagcwalisi izifunzo ngokweqile. Lungisa okuphakelayo kweshubhu ukuze ukuvuleka kungabi banzi kakhulu. Imishini emihle yokudla inganciphisa imfucuza kuze kufike ku-20%, okuya ngqo enzuzweni yakho.

4. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinkukhu zasekhaya neziphuma kwamanye amazwe?

Izinhlobo ezivela kwamanye amazwe ziye zakhuliswa ngokukhetha ezizukulwaneni eziningi ngenxa yezimpawu ezithile ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuphezulu noma ukukhula okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile zidlula izinhlobo zasendaweni ngokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zendawo zingase zivumelane kangcono nezifo zesifunda kanye nezimo zezulu.

5. Yiziphi izimo zemvelo okudingeka izinkukhu zikhiqize?

Izinkukhu zidinga izinga lokushisa elifanele (kuyahlukahluka ngeminyaka), amazinga omswakama afanelekile, umoya ohlanzekile, nokukhanya okufanele. Lezi zici zisebenza ndawonye. Uma eyodwa ivaliwe, uzobona ukukhula okuncishisiwe, amaqanda ambalwa, noma ukugula okukhulayo. Gada nsuku zonke futhi ulungise njengoba kudingeka.

6. Kubaluleke kangakanani ukugoma ekufuyweni kwezinkukhu?

Ukugoma kubalulekile. Ukuvimbela ngokugoma kubiza kakhulu futhi kusebenza kangcono kunokwelapha izinyoni ezigulayo. Sebenzisana nodokotela wezilwane ukuze wenze uhlelo olufanele lokugoma olusekelwe ezifweni ezivamile endaweni yangakini.

7. Yini okufanele ngiyicabangele lapho ngiklama indlu yezinkukhu endaweni eshisayo?

Gxila ekungeniseni umoya nasekulawuleni ukushisa. Sebenzisa i-roof insulation efanele. Qondisa isakhiwo ukuze unciphise ilanga eliqondile ngezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu. Qinisekisa ukugeleza komoya okuhle. Indlu kufanele futhi ibe namandla ngokwesakhiwo, iqine, futhi ingabizi ngenkathi igcina izinyoni zinethezekile unyaka wonke.

8. Kungani kufanele ngivuselele isitokwe sami sezinkukhu njalo?

Ukuvuselelwa kwesitoko okuvamile kugcina ukuhlukahluka kofuzo namazinga okukhiqiza. Izinyoni ezindala zikhiqiza amaqanda ambalwa noma zikhule kancane kancane. Ukuletha izinyoni ezintsha kugcina umhlambi wakho usebenza emazingeni afanele futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zofuzo kusukela ekuzaleni.

9. Yiziphi izifo ezivame kakhulu ezithinta izinkukhu?

Izifo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa isifo seNewcastle, isifo sokucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, i-avian influenza, i-coccidiosis, kanye ne-fowl pox. Izimuncagazi ezifana nezibungu, izintwala, nezikelemu nazo ziyizinkinga ezivamile. I-biosecurity enhle, izinhlelo zokugoma, nokwelashwa ngokushesha kwezinyoni ezigulayo kusiza ukulawula lezi zinkinga.

10. Ngabe abalimi abancane bangaphumelela ekukhiqizeni izinkukhu?

Yebo. Ukufuya izinkukhu kufanelekile ezikalini ezahlukene zokusebenza. Ungaqala kancane ngemali elinganiselwe futhi ukhule njengoba uthola ulwazi nezinsiza. Okubalulekile ukufanisa isistimu yakho yokukhiqiza nezisetshenziswa zakho ezitholakalayo kuyilapho ulandela izinqubo zokuphatha eziphusile. Imisebenzi eminingi yezentengiselwano eyimpumelelo yaqala imincane.

Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa ngempela usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!

Funda Futhi: Izindlela zokuzalanisa imfuyo endaweni eshisayo